← Cheatsheets

Tags: graphql, queries, mutations, subscriptions, fragments, apollo, caching, api Last updated: 2026-06-26

GraphQL Cheatsheet

Quick Reference

ConceptSyntax
Queryquery { users { id name } }
Mutation mutation { createUser(...) { id } }
Subscription subscription { messageAdded { text } }
Fragment fragment F on User { id name }
Variable query($id: ID!) { user(id: $id) }
Alias me: user(id: 42) { name }
Inline fragment ... on Admin { permissions }

Queries

query {
  user(id: "42") {
    id
    name
    email
    posts(limit: 5) { title createdAt }
  }
}

With Variables

query GetUser($id: ID!, $withPosts: Boolean!) {
  user(id: $id) {
    id
    name
    posts @include(if: $withPosts) { title }
  }
}
# Variables: { "id": "42", "withPosts": true }

Aliases

query {
  admin: user(id: "1") { name role }
  viewer: user(id: "2") { name role }
}

Mutations

mutation {
  createUser(input: {
    name: "Max", email: "[email protected]"
  }) {
    id
    name
    createdAt
  }
}

# With variables
mutation UpdateUser($id: ID!,
  $input: UpdateUserInput!) {
  updateUser(id: $id, input: $input) {
    id
    name
    updatedAt
  }
}

Subscriptions

subscription OnMessageAdded($roomId: ID!) {
  messageAdded(roomId: $roomId) {
    id
    text
    sender { name }
    createdAt
  }
}

Fragments

fragment UserFields on User {
  id
  name
  email
}

query {
  user(id: 42) { ...UserFields }
  users { ...UserFields }
}

# Inline fragments (unions)
query Search($term: String!) {
  search(term: $term) {
    __typename
    ... on User { id name }
    ... on Post { id title body }
  }
}

Apollo Client

Setup

const client = new ApolloClient({
  link: new HttpLink({ uri: "/graphql" }),
  cache: new InMemoryCache(),
});

useQuery

const { data, loading, refetch } =
  useQuery(GET_USER, {
    variables: { id: "42" },
    pollInterval: 5000,
  });

useMutation

const [createUser] = useMutation(
  CREATE_USER, {
    refetchQueries: ["GetUsers"],
  });
createUser({
  variables: { input: { name: "Max" } }
});

Cache Policies

const cache = new InMemoryCache({
  typePolicies: {
    User: {
      keyFields: ["id"],
    },
    Query: {
      fields: {
        users: offsetLimitPagination(),
      },
    },
  },
});

Tips